3/5/2023 0 Comments Download hydra for mac![]() Coral reefs have huge ecological importance as they constitute the most diverse marine ecosystem, providing a home to roughly a quarter of all marine species. Stony corals are among the most important calcifiers in the marine ecosystem as they form the coral reefs. The discovery of a diverse range of mucin genes in sea anemone species provided a basic reference for future mucin studies in cnidarians and could lead to research into their application in the pharmacological, clinical, and cosmetic industries. The domain structure of the identified mucin genes was found to be consistent with the conserved domains found in the homologous proteins of vertebrate species. The results from this study demonstrated a diverse repertoire of mucin proteins, including mucin1-like, mucin4-like, and a range of mucin-like genes in the range of sea anemone species examined. To achieve this aim, we undertook transcriptome sequencing, assembly, and annotation to identify mucin genes in A. tenebrosa and range of other sea anemone species to document their diversity in this group. Therefore, the aim of current study was to identify and analyse the repertoire mucin genes present in A. Furthermore, there has only been limited investigation of mucin genes in phylum Cnidaria. The sea anemone species, Actinia tenebrosa (Phylum Cnidaria) produce large amounts of mucus, which have not been studied in detail. ![]() Mucins are part of the glycoprotein family and the main proteinaceous component of mucus. Following settlement, expression continues at the oral end of the planula, before frequently becoming limited to a narrow ring separating oral and aboral tissue (o). The strong ectodermal expression is clearly apparent in this transilluminated transverse section cut from the central region of the planula (n). As the elongation process continues, uniform strong expression is localized in all ectodermal cells in the oral two-thirds of the planula (m). At slightly later stages expression has spread toward the aboral end of the planula, still in scattered cells (l). Expression is first apparent in scattered ectodermal cells orally as the planula begins to elongate (k). (h) Domain maps of major cnidarian MAC/PF proteins types. Note that this Hydra gene lacks several of the C3-diagnostic domains that are present in the anthozoan C3s (see text). Hydra A2M-related transcripts are present in the endoderm along the whole body axis. (f) Domain map and presence (+)/absence (-) data for the various protein domains characteristic of complement C3 components in the Hydra, Nematostella and Acropora datasets. The line of strong staining peripherally is the result of viewing the endoderm vertically, while elsewhere one is looking through the staining layer. Post-settlement, the polyp consists of a series of hollow chambers interconnected beneath the mouth. Endodermal expression continues post-settlement (c-e), becoming especially strong in the upper part of the polyp as it rises from the calcifying base (d). Expression first becomes apparent in scattered endodermal cells concentrated at the aboral end as the planula elongates from sphere to pear (a) and eventually to spindle (b). ![]() (a-e) In situ hybridization of C3-Am in Acropora. Complement component C3 and MAC/PF domain-containing proteins in Cnidaria.
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